The use of synthetic pesticides can cause continuous damage to the environment and health problems. Health disorders that can be experienced due to the use of synthetic insecticides, namely abdominal pain, disorders of the heart, kidneys, liver, eyes, digestive tract, can even lead to death. Meanwhile, environmental damage caused, the contamination of soil, water, plants, and the destruction of an ecosystem food chain.
Various ways can be done to tackle this problem, among others, to the prevention, reduction of the use of insecticides, and use of natural insecticides. Natural insecticides can be either natural predators of insects and plants. Insecticides such as natural predators include Ladybugs. Ladybugs can eat other insects such as aphids. In addition, Ladybugs can be easily packed and easy to find in the neighborhood. Another solution of this problem are botanical insecticides.
Botanical insecticides are insecticides from plants. Plants that have chemical compounds or secondary metabolites that can defend itself against a potential disruption of insects and disease organisms. Secondary metabolites can be ergastik substances, crystals, starch, and others. Regular secondary metabolites are stored in plants as a food reserve, as well as an insect deterrent.
Secondary metabolites that can be used as an insect deterrent, among others, from the group of alkaloids, and terpenoids. Metabolites from the group of alkaloids commonly found in plants that can fend off insect attacks. This metabolite was found, among others, in tobacco plants. In tobacco, nicotine is found in substances that may help ward off insect attacks. These secondary metabolites can be extracted from plants and used as natural insecticides. In addition to tobacco, there are various kinds of plants that can be used as raw materials of natural insecticides, such as Pyrethrum plants.
Pyrethrum or Chrysanthemum, is a plant of the Asteraceae family. Pyrethrum was first cultivated in China in the 15th century BCE as a herbaceous plant. This plant was brought to Europe in the seventeenth century. Linnaeus gave the name Chrysanthemum based on words from the Greek, chrysous, which means golden and anthemon, which means flower. Chrysanthemum has various uses, namely as decorative plants, food seasoning, and as a natural insecticide.
Pyrethrum was first used as a natural insecticide in the plains of China on unity century. Over time, the use of the natural insecticide Pyrethrum as an increasingly widespread. Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide that is very much in use today and quite effective. Additionally, Pyrethrum has a low toxicity level compared with synthetic insecticides so relatively safe for human health and the environment.
In Pyrethrum and pyrethrins are a mixture of compounds cinerins. Pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that have potential Insecticidal activity. Pyrethrin I and Pyrethrin II has a similar structure with a core of cyclopropane esters. Pyrethrins are unstable, easily degradable (biodegradable) and broken bonds when were exposed to light or oxygen. Therefore, Pyrethrum more environmentally friendly than synthetic insecticides.
Diekstak Pyrethrins from Chrysanthemum seed coat and oleoresin form which appears as a suspension in water or oil, or in powder form. Pyrethrins work as an insecticide by attacking the nervous systems of all insects and inhibit female mosquitoes to bite. When pyrethrins are given in doses that are not so fatal to insects, pyrethrins are still working as an insect deterrent effect. When mixed with piperonyl butoxide or piperonyl cyclonene, pyrethrins will have higher toxicity levels and produce a longer residual action and could be used extensively in spray form.
At first, Pyrethrum is extracted by grinding the dried Chrysanthemum flowers up into powder. However, this time extracted from the pyrethrum Chrysanthemum plants in solution. A process that involves the manufacture of the natural insecticide Pyrethrum is the process of extraction, purification, identification, synthesis, and bioassay, and evaluation.
Extraction process aims to obtain Pyrethrum plant secondary metabolites that function as natural insecticides, pyrethrins in this case. In the extracts obtained, there is still a mixture of other substances (contaminants), so that the purification process is required in order to obtain pure substances pyrethrins. Furthermore, substances that have been purified will be identified and then will undergo a process of synthesis. Results from the synthesis of these substances will have trials, and evaluation. If judged feasible, the synthesis of the pyrethrins had been able to be used as natural insecticides.
Use of Pyrethrum as a natural insecticide can help tackle environmental problems and minimize health problems. Because the level of low toxicity to humans Pyrethrum and easily degradable in the environment (biodegradable). Apart from the beauty of flowers, Pyrethrum is an insecticide solution in the future.
Various ways can be done to tackle this problem, among others, to the prevention, reduction of the use of insecticides, and use of natural insecticides. Natural insecticides can be either natural predators of insects and plants. Insecticides such as natural predators include Ladybugs. Ladybugs can eat other insects such as aphids. In addition, Ladybugs can be easily packed and easy to find in the neighborhood. Another solution of this problem are botanical insecticides.
Botanical insecticides are insecticides from plants. Plants that have chemical compounds or secondary metabolites that can defend itself against a potential disruption of insects and disease organisms. Secondary metabolites can be ergastik substances, crystals, starch, and others. Regular secondary metabolites are stored in plants as a food reserve, as well as an insect deterrent.
Secondary metabolites that can be used as an insect deterrent, among others, from the group of alkaloids, and terpenoids. Metabolites from the group of alkaloids commonly found in plants that can fend off insect attacks. This metabolite was found, among others, in tobacco plants. In tobacco, nicotine is found in substances that may help ward off insect attacks. These secondary metabolites can be extracted from plants and used as natural insecticides. In addition to tobacco, there are various kinds of plants that can be used as raw materials of natural insecticides, such as Pyrethrum plants.
Pyrethrum or Chrysanthemum, is a plant of the Asteraceae family. Pyrethrum was first cultivated in China in the 15th century BCE as a herbaceous plant. This plant was brought to Europe in the seventeenth century. Linnaeus gave the name Chrysanthemum based on words from the Greek, chrysous, which means golden and anthemon, which means flower. Chrysanthemum has various uses, namely as decorative plants, food seasoning, and as a natural insecticide.
Pyrethrum was first used as a natural insecticide in the plains of China on unity century. Over time, the use of the natural insecticide Pyrethrum as an increasingly widespread. Pyrethrum is a natural insecticide that is very much in use today and quite effective. Additionally, Pyrethrum has a low toxicity level compared with synthetic insecticides so relatively safe for human health and the environment.
In Pyrethrum and pyrethrins are a mixture of compounds cinerins. Pyrethrins are a pair of natural organic compounds that have potential Insecticidal activity. Pyrethrin I and Pyrethrin II has a similar structure with a core of cyclopropane esters. Pyrethrins are unstable, easily degradable (biodegradable) and broken bonds when were exposed to light or oxygen. Therefore, Pyrethrum more environmentally friendly than synthetic insecticides.
Diekstak Pyrethrins from Chrysanthemum seed coat and oleoresin form which appears as a suspension in water or oil, or in powder form. Pyrethrins work as an insecticide by attacking the nervous systems of all insects and inhibit female mosquitoes to bite. When pyrethrins are given in doses that are not so fatal to insects, pyrethrins are still working as an insect deterrent effect. When mixed with piperonyl butoxide or piperonyl cyclonene, pyrethrins will have higher toxicity levels and produce a longer residual action and could be used extensively in spray form.
At first, Pyrethrum is extracted by grinding the dried Chrysanthemum flowers up into powder. However, this time extracted from the pyrethrum Chrysanthemum plants in solution. A process that involves the manufacture of the natural insecticide Pyrethrum is the process of extraction, purification, identification, synthesis, and bioassay, and evaluation.
Extraction process aims to obtain Pyrethrum plant secondary metabolites that function as natural insecticides, pyrethrins in this case. In the extracts obtained, there is still a mixture of other substances (contaminants), so that the purification process is required in order to obtain pure substances pyrethrins. Furthermore, substances that have been purified will be identified and then will undergo a process of synthesis. Results from the synthesis of these substances will have trials, and evaluation. If judged feasible, the synthesis of the pyrethrins had been able to be used as natural insecticides.
Use of Pyrethrum as a natural insecticide can help tackle environmental problems and minimize health problems. Because the level of low toxicity to humans Pyrethrum and easily degradable in the environment (biodegradable). Apart from the beauty of flowers, Pyrethrum is an insecticide solution in the future.
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